NCERT XI A (Fundamental of Physical Geography):

1. Geography as a Discipline

• Branches of Geography

• Eratosthenes (276–194 BCE), a Greek scholar, is credited with coining the term Geographia (meaning "earth description"). He is often called the "Father of Geography" because he systematically studied the Earth's surface, measured its circumference with remarkable accuracy, and compiled geographical knowledge into organized works.

• Temporal synthesis means bringing together events, processes, and phenomena across time to form a coherent narrative or interpretation.

• Spatial synthesis means arranging phenomena across space)

History → Time (Chronology, Temporal synthesis)

Geography → Space (Spatial synthesis)