Sociology Paper 2 - INDIAN SOCIETY : STRUCTURE AND CHANGE

A. Introducing Indian Society :

📁 (i) Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society :

📁 Indology (G.S. Ghure).

📁 Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas).

📁 Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai).

📁 (ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society :

📁 Social background of Indian nationalism.

📁 Modernization of Indian tradition.

📁 Protests and movements during the colonial period.

📁 (Social reforms.

B. Social Structure:

📁 (i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:

📁 The idea of Indian village and village studies.

📁 Agrarian social structure—evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.

📁 (ii) Caste System:

📁 Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille.

📁 Features of caste system.

📁 Untouchability-forms and perspectives

📁 (iii) Tribal Communities in India:

📁 Definitional problems.

📁 Geographical spread.

📁 Colonial policies and tribes.

📁 Issues of integration and autonomy.

📁 (iv) Social Classes in India:

📁 Agrarian class structure.

📁 Industrial class structure.

📁 (Middle classes in India.

📁 (v) Systems of Kinship in India:

📁 Lineage and descent in India.

📁 Types of kinship systems.

📁 Family and marriage in India.

📁 Household dimensions of the family.

📁 Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour.

📁 (vi) Religion and Society :

📁 Religious communities in India.

📁 Problems of religious minorities.

C. Social Changes in India:

📁 (i) Visions of Social Change in India:

📁 Idea of development planning and mixed economy.

📁 Constitution, law and social change.

📁 Education and social change.

📁 (ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India:

📁 Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes.

📁 Green revolution and social change.

📁 Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.

📁 Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.

📁 (iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:

📁 Evolution of modern industry in India.

📁 Growth of urban settlements in India.

📁 Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.

📁 Informal sector, child labour.

📁 Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

📁 (iv) Politics and Society :

📁 Nation, democracy and citizenship.

📁 Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite.

📁 Regionalism and decentralization of power.

📁 Secularization.

📁 (v) Social Movements in Modern India :

📁 Peasants and farmers movements.

📁 Women’s movement.

📁 Backward classes & Dalit movements.

📁 Environmental movements.

📁 Ethnicity and Identity movements.

📁 (vi) Population Dynamics :

📁 Population size, growth, composition and distribution.

📁 Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.

📁 Population Policy and family planning.

📁 Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.

📁 (vii) Challenges of Social Transformation :

📁 Crisis of development : displacement, environmental problems and sustainability.

📁 Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.

📁 Violence against women.

📁 Caste conflicts.

📁 Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.

📁 Illiteracy and disparities in education.

Read with focus, revise with clarity, and write with confidence.